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5. Michael Argyle, Psychology and Religion. London: Routledge, 2000, pp. 57, 78.

6. Marlene Steinberg, Maxine Schnall, The Stranger in the Mirror, p. 148.

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10. Erika Bourguignon, "Introduction," In Bourguignon, Ed., Religion, Altered States of Consciousness, and Social Change. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1973, p. 23.

11. Doris Bryant et al., The Family Inside: Working With the Multiple. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1992, pp. 169-171.

12. Martha Stout, The Myth of Sanity: Divided Consciousness and the Promise of Awareness. New York: Viking, 2001, p. 17.

13. Adam Crabtree, Multiple Man: Exploratins in Possession and Multiple Personality. New York: Praeger, 1985, p. 56.

14. Jean Delumeau, Sin and Fear: The Emergence of a Western Guilt Culture 3th-18th Centuries. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990, p. 245.

15. Richard and Eva Blum, Health and Healing in Rural Greece: A Study of Three Communities. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1965; Richard and Eva Blum, The Dangerous Hour: The Lore of Crisis and Mystery in Rural Greece. London: Chatto & Windus, 1970, p. 55.

16. Onno van der Hart, Ruth Lierens and Jean Goodwin, "Jeanne Fery: A Sixteenth-Century Case of Dissociative Identity Disorder." The Journal of Psychohistory 24(1996): 28; Sally Hill and Jean Goodwin, "Demonic Possession as a Consequence of Childhood Trauma." The Journal of Psychohistory 20(1993): 408.

17. Eli Somer, "Stambali: Dissociative Possession and Trance in a Tunisian Healing Dance." Transcultural Psychiatry 37(2000): 590.

18. Thorkild Jacobsen, The Treasures of Darkness: A History of Mesopotamian Religion. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976, pp. 160, 12.

19. Neil Forsyth, The Old Enemy: Satan and the combat Myth. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987, p. 151.

20. Linda Schele and Mary Ellen Mill, The Blood of Kings: Dynasty and Ritual in Maya Art. New York: George Braziller, 1986, p. 243.

21. Piero Camporesi, The Fear of Hell. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991, p. 89.

22. Ibid, p. 344.

23. Jeffrey B. Russell, A History of Witchcraft. London: Thames and Hudson, 1980, p. 22.

24. Alice K. Turner, The History of Hell. New York: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1993, p. 80.

25. Piero Camporesi, The Fear of Hell, p. 6.

26. Dyan Elliott, Fallen Bodies: Pollution, Sexuality, and Demonology in the Middle Ages. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999, p. 93; Alice K. Turner, The History of Hell, p. 103.

27. Carl A. Mounteer, "God the Father and Gregory the Great: The Discovery of a Late Roman Childhood." The Journal of Psychohistory 25(1998): 442.

28. Ana-Maria Rizzuto, The Birth of the Living God: A Psychoanalytic Study. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979, p. 163.

29. Antoine Vergote, The Paternal Figures and the Representation of God: A Psychological and Cross-Cultural Study. The Hague: Leuven University Press, 1980, 142.

30. Joseph Fontenrose, Python: A Study of Delphic Myth and Its Origins. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1959, p. 14.

31. Jean Delumeau, Sin and Fear, p. 203.

32. Donald H. Bishop, Ed., Mysticism and the Mystical Experience: East and West. Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press, 1995, pp. 81, 102.

33. Jean Delumeau, Sin and Fear, p. 299.

34. Barbara Rosen, Ed., Witchcraft in England, 1558-1618. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1991, p. 33.

35. Piero Camporesi, The Fear of Hell, p. 66.

36. Johan Huizinga, The Autumn of the Middle Ages. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1996, p. 253.

37. Jeffrey B. Russell, Satan: The Early Christian Tradition. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1981, p. 174.

38. Jeffrey B. Russell, A History of Witchcraft, p. 105.

39. Kathryn Gravdal, Ravishing Maidens: Writing Rape in Medieval French Literature and Law. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991, p. 23.

40. Joseph Klaits, Servants of Satan: The Age of the Witch Hunts. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985, p. 103.

41. Lyndal Roper, Oedipus and the Devil: Witchcraft, Sexuality and Religion in Early Modern Europe. London: Routledge, 1994, p. 176.

42. Dyan Elliott, Fallen Bodies, p. 33.

43. Ibid., p. 54.

44. John M. Allegro, The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross. Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1970, p. 20.

45. Ibid, p. 25.

46. Roger Caillois, Man and the Sacred. Glencoe: The Free Press of Glencoe, 1959, p. 35.

47. Brian Masters, The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1993, p. 130.

48. Onno van der Hart, et al., "Jeanne Fery," p. 26.

49. Alan E. Bernstein, The Formation of Hell. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993, p. 13.

50. David Carrasco, City of Sacrifice: The Aztec Empire and the Role of Violence in Civilization. Boston: Beacon Press, 1999, p. 180.

51. Patrick Tierney, The Highest Altar: The Story of Human Sacrifice. New York: Viking, 1989, p. 177.

52. Daniel Merkur, Becoming Half Hidden: Shaminism and Initiation Among the Inuit. New York: Garland Publishing, 1992, p. 172.

53. Colin A. Ross, Multiple Personality Disorder: Diagnosis, Clinical Features and Treatment. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1989, p. 13.

54. Joseph Campbell, The Way of the Animal Powers, Vol. 1. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1983, p. 170.

55. Ibid., p. 152.

56. Lloyd deMause, Foundations of Psychohistory. New York: Creative Roots, 1982, p. 288.

57. E. A. Wallis Budge, The Mummy. New York: Wings Books, 1989, p. 355.

58. Lloyd deMause, Foundations of Psychohistory, pp. 282-289.

59. Ann Woodward, "The Cult of Relics in Prehistoric Britain." In Martin Carver, Ed., In Search of Cult. Woodbridge: Boydell, 1993, pp. 1-7.

60. Patrick Tierney, The Highest Altar, p. 393.

61. Mark Juergensmeyer, Terror in the Mind of God. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000, p. 6.

62. Felicitas D. Goodman et al., Trance, Healing, and Hallucination: Three Field Studies in Religious Experience, pp. 32-35.

63. Arnold J. Mandell, "Toward a Psychobiology of Transcendence: God in the Brain." In J. Davidson, Ed., The Psychobiology of Consciousness. New York: Plenum, 1980, pp. 379-464.

64. Ibid, p. 393.

65. Michael A. Persinger, Neuropsychological Bases of God Beliefs. New York: Praeger, 1987, p. 17.

66. Rudolf Otto, The Idea of the Holy. London: Oxford University Press, 1958, p. 12.

67. Holger Kalweit, Dreamtime & Inner Space. Boston: Shambhala, 1988, p. 94.

68. Mircea Eliade, Myths, Rites, Symbols. Vol. 1. New York: Harper & Row, 1976, p. 133.

69. David G. Benner, "The Functions of Faith: Religious Psychodynamics in Multiple Personality Disorder." In Mark Finn, Ed., Object Relations Theory and Religion: Clinical Applications. Westport: Praeger, 1992, p. 37.

70. E. A. Wallis Budge, From Fetish to God in Ancient Egypt. New York: Dover Publications, 1988, p. 57.

71. Ann E. Farkas, et al., Monsters and Demons in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds. Mainz on Rhine: P. von Zabern, 1987, pp. 29-35.

72. Linda Schele and Mary Ellen Miller, The Blood of Kings, p. 43.

73. Henri Frankfort, Kingship and the Gods. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1978, p. 304.

74. Ibid., p. 107.

75. James F. Masterson, The Personality Disorders. Phoenix: Zeig, Tucker & Co, 2000, pp. 59-82.

76. Ralph Klein, "Intrapsychic Structures." In James F. Masterson and Ralph Klein, Eds., Disorders of the Self. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1995, p. 314.

77. Michael Ripinsky-Naxon, The Nature of Shamanism: Substance and Function of a Religious Metaphor. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993, p. 82.

78. Doris Bryant, et al., The Family Inside, p. 153.

79. Erika Bourguignon, Possession, p. 43.

80. Michael Ripinsky-Naxon, The Nature of Shamanism, pp. 110, 27.

81. Ibid., p. 32.

82. Mircea Eliade, Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972, p. 36.

83. Joseph Campbell, The Way of the Animal Powers. Vol. 1, p. 178.

84. Michael Ripinsky-Naxon, The Nature of Shamanism, p. 51.

85. Lloyd deMause, "Why Cults Terrorize and Kill Children." The Journall of Psychohistory 21(1994): 512.

86. Timothy Taylor, The Prehistory of Sex. New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell, 1996, pp. 126-129.

87. Desmond Collins and John Onians, "The Origins of Art." Art History March 1978, p. 4.

88. Nevill Drury, The Elements of Shamanism. Longmead: Element, 1989, p. 20.

89. Patrick Tierney, The Highest Altar, p. 270.

90. Hans Cory, African Figurines: Their Ceremonial Use in Puberty Rites. London: Faber & Faber, 1955, p. 62.

91. Ronald C. Sumit, "The Dark Tunnels of McMartin." The Journal of Psychohistory 21(1994): 397-416.

92. J. D. Lewis-Williams and T. A. Dowson, "The Signs of All Times: Entoptic Phenomena in Upper Palaeolithic Art." Current Anthropology 29(1988): 214.

93. Richard B. Lee and Irven DeVore. Kalahari Hunter-Gatherers: Studies of the !Kung San and Their Neighbors. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1976, pp. 288, 296.

94. Nigel Davies, Human Sacrifice in History and Today. New York: Dorset Press, 1981, p. 173.

95. Peggy Reeves Sanday, Female Power and Male dominance: On the Origins of Sexual Inequality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981, p. 44.

96. Eli Sagan, Cannibalish: Human Aggression and Cultural Form. New York: Psychohistory Press, 1983, p. 5.

97. Peter Carruthers and Andrew Chamberlain, "Introduction." In Carruthers and Chamberlain, Eds., Evolution and the Human Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 6; Gerald M. Edelman and Giulio Tononi, A Universe of Consciousness: How Matter Becomes Imagination. New York: Basic Books, 2000.

98. Steven Mithen, "Mind, Brain and Material Culture: An Archaeological Perspective." In Peter Carruthers and Andrew Chamberlain, Eds., Evolution and the Human Mind, p. 212.

99. Lloyd deMause, "Childhood and Cultural Evolution." The Journal of Psychohistory 26(1999): 708-710.

100. L. L. Langness, "Child Abuse and Cultural Values: The Case of New Guinea." In Jill E. Korbin, Child Abuse and Neglect: Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981, p. 28.

101. Marie Reay, "The Magico-Religious Foundations of New Guinea Highlands Warfare." In Michele Stephen, Ed., Sorcerer and Witch in Melanesia. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1987, p. 144.

102. Lloyd deMause, "Childhood and Cultural Evolution," p. 711.

103. Mircea Eliade, The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1959, p. 121.

104. Guy E. Swanson, "The Search for a Guardian Spirit: A Process of Empowerment in Simpler Societies." Ethnology 12(1973): 359; Joseph Campbell, The Way of the Animal Powers. Vol. 1, pp. 190-194.

105. Ira R. Buchler, "The Fecal Crone." In Ira R. Buchler and Kenneth Maddock, The Rainbow Serpent. The Hague: Mouton Publishers, 1978, p. 127.

106. Stanislav Grof, Psychology of the Future. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000.

107. Maya Deren, Divine Horsemen: Voodoo Gods of Haiti. New York: Chilsea Hous, 1970, pp. 252-261.

108. Geza Roheim, Psychoanalysis and Anthropology. New York: International Universities Press, 1950, p. 76.

109. Holger Kalweit, Dreamtime & Inner Space, p. 48; Robert B. McFarland and Will Schalaben, "Placentas and Prehistoric Art." The Journal of Psychohistory 23(1994): 41-50; Peggy Reeves Sanday, Divine Hunger: Cannibalism as a Cultural System. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986, p. 59.

110. Richard Fischer, "Psychotherapy of the Narcissistic Personality Disorder." In James F. Masterson and Ralph Klein, Eds., Psychotherapy of the Disorders of the Self. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1989, p. 83; Margaret Power, The EgalitariansŃHuman and Chimpanzee. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, p. 184.

111. Yolanda Murphy and Rober F. Murphy, Women of the Forest. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985, p. 3.

112. Raymond D. Fogelson, "On the ÔPetticoat Government' of the Eighteenth-Century Cherokee." In David K. Jordan, Ed., Personality and the Cultural Construction of Society. Ruscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, 1990, p. 175.

113. E. E. Evans'Pritchard, Social Anthropology and Other Essays. New York: The Free Press, 1962, p. 268.

114. Christopher Boehm, "Egalitarian Society and Reverse Dominance Hierarchy." Current Anthropology 34(1993): 236.

115. Harold W. Koenigsberg, et al., Borderline Patients. New York: Basic Books, 2000, p. 134.

116. James F. Masterson, The Personality Disorders, p. 72.

117. James F. Masterson, Psychotherapy of the Borderline Adult. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1976, p. 87.

118. Paul Parin et al., Fear Thy Neighbor as Thyself: Psychoanalysis and Society Among the Anyi of West Africa. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1980, p. 29.

119. Ibid., p. 348.

120. Peter Brown, The Body and Society. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988, p. 11.

121. T. K. Oesterreich, Possession and Exorcism. New York: Causeway Books, 1974, p. 147.

122. A. W. Gouldner, Enter Plato. New York: Basic Books, 1965, p. 109.

123. Barbara Hannah, Encounters With the Soul. Santa Monica: Sigo Press, 1981, p. 85.

124. S. Vernon McCasland, By the Finger of God; Demon Possession and Exorcism. In Early Christianity in the Light of Modern Views of Mental Illness. New York: Macmillan, 1951, p. 36; Raymond Klibansky et al., Saturn and Melancholy. London: Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1964, p. 15.

125. E. R. Dodds, The Greeks and the Irrational. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964, p. 5.

126. A. W. H. Adkins, From the Many to the One. London: Constable, 1970, p. 15.

127. Ibid., p. 45.

128. Peter Brown: The Body and Society, p. 12.

129. Roger Just, Women in Athenian Law and Life. London: Routledge, 1989, p. 21.

130. Marisa Dillon Weston, "Anorexia as a Symbol of an Empty Matrix Dominated by the Dragon Mother." Group Analysis 32(1999): 71-85.

131. B. C. Dietrich, Death, Fate and the Gods. London: The Athlone Press, 1965, p. 77.

132. Dale McCulley, Multiple Exposure. Nevada City: First Books, 2000, p. 40.

133. Marisa Dillon Weston, "Anorexia as Symbol of an Empty Matrix Dominated by the Dragon Mother," p. 74.

134. James Mellaart, Catal Hźy¬k: A Neolithic Town in Anatolia. London: Thames & Hudson, 1967

135. Noel Bradley, "The Vulture as Mother Symbol: A Note on Freud's Leonardo." American Imago 22(1965, p. 47.

136. Raphael Patai, The Hebrew Goddess.. New York: Ktav Publishing House, 1967, p. 34.

137. Joseph Fontenrose, Python: A Study of Delphic Myth and Its Origins. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1959, p. 309.

138. Wolfgang Lederer, The Fear of Women. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1968, p. 76.

139. Ibid., p. 133.

140. Julian Jaynes, The Origins of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1990, p. 179.

141. Sylvanus G. Morley, The Ancient Maya. Third Edition. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1956, p. 157.

142. Ross S. Kraemer, "Ecstasy and Possession: The Attraction of Women to the Cult of Dionysus." Harvard Thelogicall Review 71(1978): 59.

143. Gertrude Jobes, Dictionary of Mythology, Folklore and Symbols. New York: Scarecrow Press, 1961, p. 1277;

144. Balaji Mundkur, The Cult of the Serpent. Albany: State university of New York Press, 1983, p. 67; Aylward M. Blackman, "The Pharaoh's Placenta and the Moon-God Khons." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 3(1916): 241; Clyde E. Keeler, Secrets of the Cuna Earthmother. New York: Exposition Press, 1960, p. 45.

145. J. R. Davidson, "The Shadow of Life: Psychosocial Explanations for Placenta Rituals." Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 9(1985): 80

146. Martin Brennan, "The Maya Mosaic," unpublished paper, 2001.

147. Henri Hubert and Marcel Mauss, Sacrifice: Its Nature and Function. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964, p. 21.

148. Lloyd deMause, "The History of Child Assault." The Journal of Psychohistory 18(1990): 17.

149. Lloyd deMause, "Why Cults Terrorize and Kill Children." The Journal of Psychohistory 21(1994): 513.

150. Philip E. Slater, The Glory of Hera: Greek Mythology and the Greek Family. Boston: Beacon Press, 1968, p. 274.

151. Kenneth Alan Adams and Lester Hill, Jr., "The Phallic Female in Japanese Group-Fantasy." The Journal of Psychohistory 25(1997):43.

152. Joseph L. Henderson and Maud Oakes, The Wisdom of the Serpent: The Myths of Death, Rebirth, and Resurrection. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990, p. 17.

153. Wolfgang Lederer, The Fear of Women, p. 121.

154. Philip Rawson, "Early History of Sexual Art." In Rawson, Ed., Primitive Erotic Art. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1973, p. 12.

155. Erich Neumann, The Origins and History of Consciousness. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970, p. 51.

156. Robert S. McCully, "Dualities Associated With The Ruling of The Ancient World." The Journal of Psychohistory 9(1986): 11, 7.

157. Edith Weigert-Vowinkel, "The Cult and Mythology of the Magna Mater from the Standpoint of Psychoanalysis." Psychiatry 1(1938): 361.

158. E. O. James, The Cult of the Mother-Goddess.London: Thames and Hudson, 1959, p. 167.

159. E. O. James, Sacrifice and Sacrament. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1962, p. 13.

160. Nancy Jay, Throughout Your Generations Forever: Sacrifice, Religion, and Paternity. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1992, p. xxxiv.

161. William F. Albright, From the Stone Age to Christianity. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1940, p. 233.

162. Ptolemy Tompkins, This Tree Grows Out of Hell. San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1990, p. 34.

163. Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty, Women, Androgynes, and Other Mythical Beasts. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1980, p. 34.

164. Anne Baring and Jules Cashford, The Myth of the Goddess: Evolution of An Image. London: Penguin Books, 1991, p. 169.

165. Cynthia Eller, The Myth of Matriarchal Prehistory. Boston: Beacon Press, 2000, p. 104.

166. M. Esther Harding, Woman's Mysteries: Ancient and Modern. New York: Harper & Row, 1976, p. 138.

167. Miriam Robbins Dexter, Whence The Goddess: A Source Book. New York: Pergamon Press, 1990, p. 10.

168. Sidney Halpern, "The Mother-Killer." The Psychoanalytic Review 52(1965): 73.

169. Mircea Eliade, Myths, Dreams and Mysteries. New York: Harper & Row, 1960, p. 188.

170. Hyam Maccoby, The Sacred Executioner: Human Sacrifice and the Legacy of Guilt. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1982.

171. Nigel Davies, Human Sacrifice, p. 43.

172. David Carrasco, City of Sacrifice, p. 145.

173. A. Leo Oppenheim, Ancient Mespootamia. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1977, p. 179; Hyman Maccoby, The Sacred Executioner, p. 8.

174. Timothy Earle, Chiefdoms: Power, Economy and Ideology. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991, p. 130.

175. Theodore H. Gaster, Thespis: Ritual, Myth and Drama in the Ancietn Near East. New York: Henry Schuman, 1950, p. 32.

176. Rene Girard, Violence and the Sacred. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972, p. 107.

177. Henry A. Myers, Medieval Kingship. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1982, p.3.

178. Henri Frankfort, Kingship and the Gods. P. 107.

179. Karla Clark, "Psychotherapy of the Borderline Personality Disorder." In James F. Masterson and Ralph Klein, Psychotherapy of the Disorders of the Self, p. 148.

180. Irving Singer, The Nature of Love: The Modern World. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1987, p. 25.

181. Irving Singer, The Nature of Love: Plato to Luther. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1984, p. 108.

182. Irving Singer, The Nature of Love: The Modern World, p. 25.

183. John Gartner, "The Capacity to Forgive: An Object Relations Perspective." In Mark Finn & John Gartner, Eds., Object Relations Theory and Religion. Westport: Praeger, 1992, p. 27.

184. Jean Delumeau, Sin and Fea, p. 189.

185. Ibid., p. 294.

186. M. C. Zanarini et al., "Reported Pathological Experiences Associated With the Development of Borderline Personality Disorder." American Journal of Psychistry 154(1997): 1101.

187. Piero Camporesi, The Fear of Hell, p. 91.

188. Carlin A. Barton, The Sorrows of the Ancient Romans: The Gladiator and the Monster. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993, p. 13.

189. Carlin A. Barton, "The Scandal of the Arena." Representations 27(1989): 13.

190. Carl A. Mounteer, "God the Father and Gregory the Great: The Discovery of a Late Roman Childhood." The Journal of Psychohistory 25(1998): 440.

191. Daniel Boyarin, Dying for God: Martyrdom and the Making of Christianity and Judaism. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999, p. 40.

192. Arthur J. Droge and James D. Tabor, A Noble Death: Suicide and Martyrdom Among Christians and Jews in Antiquity. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992, p. 5.

193. Arthur F. Ide, Martyrdom of Women: A Study of Death Psychology in the Early Christian Church to 301 CE. Garland: Tangelwuld, 1985, p. 21.

194. Ibid., p. 136.

195. Ibid., pp. 146, 138.

196. Colin A. Ross, Satanic Ritual Abuse: Principles of Treatment. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995, p. 35.

197. Judith Perkins, The Suffering Self: Sin and Narrative Representation in the Early Christian Era. London: Routledge, 1995, p. 39.

198. John R. E. Bliese, "The Motives of the First Crusaders." The Journal of Psychohistory 17(1990): 460.

199. Carl A. Mounteer, "Guilt, Martyrdom and Monasticism." The Journal of Psychohistory 9(1981): 153.

200. Ira Brenner, Dissociation of Trauma: Theory, Phenomenology and Technique. Madison: International Universities Press, 2001, p. 113.

201. Colin A. Ross, Satanic Ritual Abuse: Principles of Treatment. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995, p. 161.

202. Nancy Jay, Throughout Your Generations Forever: Sacrifice, Religion, and Paternity. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1992, p. 116

203. Piero Camporese, The Fear of Hell, p. 172; Hyam Maccoby, The Sacred Executioner, p. 155.

204. Johan Huizinga, The Autumn of the Middle Ages. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1996, p. 230.

205. Peter Hartocollis, "Time and Affects in Borderline Disorders." International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 59(1978): 158.

206. Siegfried Wenzel, The Sin of Sloth: Acedia in Medieval Thought and Literature. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1967, p. 33.

207. Caroline Walker Bynum, Jesus as Mother: Studies in the Spirituality of the High Middle Ages. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982, p. 117.

208. Ibid., p. 129.

209. Jean Delumeau, Sin and Fear, p. 311.

210. James F. Masterson, The Personality Disorders, p. 93.

211. John F. Benton, "Consciousness of Self and Perceptions of Individuality." In Robert L. Benson, et al., Eds., Renaissance and Renewal in the Twelfth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982, p. 284.

212. Ibid., pp. 264, 271.

213. Caroline Walker Bynum, Jesus as Mother, p. 87.

214. Susan N. Ogata et al., "Childhood Sexual and Physical Abuse in Adult Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder." American Journal of Psychiatry 147(1990): 1008.

215. Harold W. Koenigsberg, et al., Borderline Patients, pp. 149, 144.

216. J. Huizinga, The Waning of the Middle Ages. London: Edward Arnold, 1927, p. 22.

217. Richard D. Logan, "Historical Change I Prevailing Sense of Self." In K. Yardley and T. Honess, Eds., Self and Identity: Psychosocial Perspectives, New Yokr: John Wiley & Sons, 1987, p. 17.

218. Donald R. Howard, "Renaissance World-Alienation." In Robert S. Kinsman, Ed., The Darker Vision of the Renaissance. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974, p. 61.

219. Jennifer Radden, The Nature of Melancholy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 91.

220. William J. Bouwsma, The Waning of the Renaissance. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000, p. 119.

221. Lawrence Babb, The Elizabethan Malady: A Study of Melancholia in English Literature from 1580 to 1642. East Lansing: Michigan-state University Press, 1951, pp. 176-177.

222. Perry Miller, The New England Mind: The Seventeenth Century. Boston: Beacon Press, 1954, p. 10

223. Lyndal Roper, Oedipus and the Devil, p. 145.

224. Paul Hazard, The European Mind: 1680-1715. New York: New American Library, 1963, p. xvii.

225. Eugen Weber, Apocalypses: Prophecies, Cults, and Millennial Beliefs Through the Ages. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999.

226. H. R. Trevor-Roper, The European Witch-Craze of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries and Other Essays. New York: Harper & Row, 1969, p. 78.

227. Norman Cohn, "RŽflexions sur le millŽnarisme." Archives de sociologie religieuse, 5(1958):106.

228. William Saffady, "Fears of Sexual License During the English Reformation." History of Childhood Quarterly 1(1973):92.

229. B. S. Capp, The Fifth Monarchy Men: A Study in Seventeenth-Century English Millenarianism. Totawa: Rowman and Littlefield, 1972, p. 18.

230. Andrew Cunningham and Ole Peter Grell, The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 47.

231. Ibid., p. 247.

232. Carol F. Karlsen, The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial New England. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1987, p. 11.

233. Deborah Willis, Malevolent Nurture: Witch-Hunting and Maternal Power in Early Modern England. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1995, pp. 13-18.

234. Ibid., pp. 13, 136, 141.

235. Lyndal Roper, Oedipus and the Devil, p. 201.

236. Deborah Willis, Malevolent Nurture, p. 35.

237. John Putnam Demos, Entertaining Satan: Witchcraft and the Culture of Early New England. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982, p. 101.

238. Anne Llewellyn Barstow, Witchcraze: A New History of the European Witch Hunts. New York: Pandora, 1994, p. 71.

239. Lawrence Osborne, The Poisoned Embrace:. New York: Pantheon Books, 1993, p. 70.

240. Carlo Ginzburg, The Night Battles: Witchcraft & Agrarian Cults in the Sixteenth & Seventeenth Centuries. New York: Penguin Books, 1985, p. 13.

241. Glenn Davis, Childhood and History in America. New York: Psychohistory Press, 1976.

242. Richard D. Logan, "Historical Change in Prevailing Sense of Self." In K. Yardley and T. Honess, Eds., Self and Identity: Psychosocial Perspectives. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1987, p. 19.

243. James F. Masterson, The Personality Disorders, p. 78.

244. Adam Zamoyski, Holy Madness: Romantics, Patriots and Revolutionaries 1776-1871. New York: Viking, 2000, pp. 25, 23.

245. Everett Hagen, The Economics of Develoment. Rev. Ed. Homewood: R. D. Irwin, 1975; Lawrence E. Harrison, Underdevelopment Is a State of Mind: The Latin American Case. Lanham: Madison Books, 1985, pp. 25, 29.

246. Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic. New Yok: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1971, p. 657.

247. Allison Coudert, Alchemy: The Philosopher's Stone. London: Wildwood House, 1980, p. 26.

248. Lynn White Jr., Medieval Technology and Social Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1962, p. 57.

249. Barbara A. Hanawalt, The Ties That Bound: Peasant Families in Medieval England. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986, p. 37.

250. Donald Symons, The Evolution of Human Sexuality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979, p. 146.

251. Marcel Mauss, The Gift: Forms and Functions of Exchange in Archaic Societies. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1967.

252. Raymond Firth, Primitive Polynesian Economy. London: George Routledge & Sons, 1939, p. 214; Ian Morris, "Gift and Commodity in Archaic Greece." Man n.s. 21(1986): 1-17.

253. Lloyd deMause, "Heads and Tails: Money as a Poison Container." The Journal of Psychohistory 16(1988): 1-19.

254. William H. Desmonde, Magic, Myth and Money: The Origin of Money in Religious Ritual. New York: The Free Press of Glencoe, 1962.

255. Norman O. Brown, The Psychoanalytic Meaning of History. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 1959, p. 266.

256. David S. Landes, The Wealth and Poverty of Nations. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1998, p. 241.

257. K. R. Bradley, Slavery and Society at Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994, p. 14.

258. Ibid., p. 28.

259. Ibid., p. 166.

260. N. R. E. Fisher, Slavery in Classical Greece. London: Bristol Classical, 1993, p. 35.

261. M. I. Finley, The Ancient Economy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973, p. 109.

262. Pierre Bonassie, From Slavery to Feudalism in South Western Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, p. 1.

263. "Harper's Index," Harper's Magazine, January 2000, p. 11.

264. John P. Powelson, Centuries of Economic Endeavor. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1994, p. 3.

265. Tom Nairn, Faces of Nationalism: Janus Revisited. London: Verso, 1997, p. 3.

266. Charles Lindholm, "Love as an Experience of Transcendence." In William Jankowiak, Ed., Romantic Passion: a Universal experience? New York: Columbia University Press, 1995, p. 63.

267. Page Smith, Daughters of the Promised Land... Boston: Little, Brown, 1970, p. 44.

268. Evelyne Sullerot, Women on Love: Eight Centuries of Feminine Writing. Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1979, p. 147.

269. Kathleen Linden and Robert B. McFarland, "Community Parenting Centers in Colorado." The Journal of Psychohistory 21(1993): 7-19; Robert B. McFarland and John Fanton, "Moving Towards Utopia: Prevention of Child Abuse." The Journal of Psychohistory 24(1997): 320-331.

270. Evvie Becker, "Adversity and Its Outcomes: The Measurement of Childhood Trauma." In Kris Franey, et al., Eds., The Cost of Child Maltreatment: Who Pays? We All Do. New York: The Family Violence and Sexual Assault Institute, 2001, p. 98.



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